Ibrahim, Mohamad Syahrul Nizam
Johari, Shazali
Adam Assim, Mohamad Ibrani Shahrimin
Mohammad Afandi, Syamsul Herman
Khan, Waseem Razzaq
Hassan, Suziana http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-158X
Article History
Received: 26 November 2022
Accepted: 27 April 2023
First Online: 9 May 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Universiti Putra Malaysia Ethics Committee for Research involving Human Subjects (JKEUPM) (reference number: JKEUPM-2020-403). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Before being approved by JKEUPM, this study has obtained a research permit from the Sarawak Forestry Corporation (reference number: SFC.PLandRS/2020-006 and Park Permit No. WL23/2020) for a one-year period from 2020 to 2021. It has to comply to the First Schedule of the National Parks and Nature Reserves Regulations 1999 (Regulation 5). In order to meet ethical principles, we have collected primary data using a physical questionnaire from local communities living near Gunung Mulu National Park voluntarily, taking into account certain aspects such as being over 18 years old and having lived in the study area for more than five years. Meanwhile, 12 key informants have agreed to be involved in the recorded interview session.
: Before participants agreed to participate in this study, they were given an information sheet that explained the nature of the research in terms of methodology, benefits of the study, possible side effects and complications, and confidentiality. Informed consent for participation and publication was obtained from all participants in this study. All participants gave their informed written consent.