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Article History

Received: 25 July 2022

Accepted: 17 May 2023

First Online: 16 June 2023

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, especially the basic principles of respect for individuals, their right to make informed decisions, and recognition of vulnerable groups. It also was carried out according to guidance from the Science Ethics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, whereby the need to obtain formal ethical approval for the study is not applicable as participation in the focus group sessions and household interviews was entirely voluntary.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants at the outset of each focus group meeting and household interview. On each occasion, the study and its purposes were introduced and explained, and the intended uses of all information gathered were explained. Every participant was free to decide individually whether to participate or not.