Updates are available Correction dated 2023-06-29
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01842-4
Retraction Retraction dated 2026-02-03
Click to view Retraction: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-06602-8
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Authors
Ahmad, Sayed Fayaz
Han, Heesup https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-3001
Alam, Muhammad Mansoor
Rehmat, Mohd. Khairul
Irshad, Muhammad
Arraño-Muñoz, Marcelo
Ariza-Montes, Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5921-0753
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More Information
Article History
Received: 3 October 2022
Accepted: 23 May 2023
First Online: 9 June 2023
Change Date: 29 June 2023
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01842-4
Change Date: 3 February 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-06602-8
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The evaluation survey questionnaire and methodology were examined, approved, and endorsed by the research ethics committee of the University of Gwadar on 1 March 2021 (see supplementary information). The study meets the requirements of the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tents of the declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the data was collected. We informed each participant of their rights, the purpose of the study and to safeguard their personal information.
