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Authors
Bernardo, Allan B. I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-266X
Mante-Estacio, Ma. Joahna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-1475
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2023
Accepted: 21 June 2023
First Online: 10 July 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing of interest.
: The study involved secondary analyses of the officially published PISA 2018 dataset; as such ethics review and approval and informed consent does not apply. This dataset was downloaded as a public use file from the OECD website.
: The study involved secondary analyses of the officially published PISA 2018 dataset; as such ethics review and approval and informed consent does not apply.
