Zhou, Yang
Liu, Ligang
Han, Sanghyun
Sun, Xiao
Article History
Received: 25 October 2022
Accepted: 31 July 2023
First Online: 9 August 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Department Ethics Committee (DEC) at the Business School of Liaoning University in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Before the research survey questionnaire, the participants were given a consent form, having read through and comprehended the study’s purpose and objectives. All those who understood the purpose and goals of the research participated. The consent form included the authors’ contact information for inquiries about the study and withdrawal from participation. We believe that the participants provided informed consent and that the institution’s ethics committee granted permission to conduct the research. More so, the questionnaire survey instrument does not have any identifiable information.