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Article History

Received: 18 January 2023

Accepted: 28 July 2023

First Online: 21 August 2023

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

: As per ethical principles for involving human participants to serve our research purpose, we have collected primary data including written information messages from the social media TikTok before Jan. 23th, 2023 with the permission and supervision of concerned participants and institute named Human Research Ethics Committees at University of Taizhou and all research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All character images of which are processed by mosaic for the protection of portraiture right and personal privacy of all the participants.

: The authors kept the continuous contact with all the participants via sending information messages and eventually all interlocutors gave their informed consent in writing prior to inclusion in the study before Jan. 23th, 2023. As per commitment to the participants, identifying details (names, dates of birth, identity numbers and other information) of the participants that were studied has not been published in written descriptions, photographs, and genetic profiles unless the information is essential for scientific purposes. All the videos and figures selected are in TikTok are permitted and authorized. Informed consent was successively obtained verbally from all individual participants included in the study.