Updates are available Correction dated 2024-01-18

Article History

Received: 29 October 2022

Accepted: 12 September 2023

First Online: 16 October 2023

Change Date: 18 January 2024

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02636-y

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study is a part of a larger research project on teaching practices, conducted by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan. As this was an educational study where the participants were set to benefit from the experience, there was no need for ethics approval. Only informed consent was sought as required by the Ministry of Education. All participants and their legal guardians signed informed consent forms to signify their willingness to participate.

: All participants and their legal guardians were asked to provide informed consent by signing the consent form indicating voluntary participation prior to the experiment. No identifying information was collected during the survey, and there are no ethical issues with science and technology.