Peng, Michael Yao-Ping
Xu, Cheng
Zheng, Rong
He, Yuan
Article History
Received: 24 October 2022
Accepted: 11 October 2023
First Online: 26 October 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the highest ethical standards, adhering to the principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments, or to comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for the research was granted by the School of Economics and Trade, Fujian Jiangxia University, under the ethics approval number IRB-2020-013. The School of Economics and Trade, Fujian Jiangxia University, thoroughly reviewed and endorsed the study’s objectives, methodology, and ethical considerations, ensuring the protection and well-being of the participants involved. We have maintained comprehensive documentation of the ethical approval process for verification and review purposes.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians for participation in the study. Eligible employees with at least a year of service received an Informed Consent Form before the study began. This form explained the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits to ensure participants understood and agreed to join voluntarily. Starting in May 2020, we distributed questionnaires. Participants were approached individually and informed about the voluntary and anonymous nature of their participation. They had enough time to read and understand the consent form before signing it, and they could ask questions if anything was unclear. The questionnaire also had a section emphasizing the study’s purpose, ethics, and low risks, reassuring participants about the confidentiality of their responses. Data collection, done anonymously, occurred from May to July 2020.