Retraction Retraction dated 2025-02-12
Click to view Retraction: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04522-7
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Authors
Hou, Yukun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-543X
Yu, Zhonggen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-980X
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Article History
Received: 13 July 2023
Accepted: 17 October 2023
First Online: 24 October 2023
Change Date: 12 February 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04522-7
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human Research Ethics committee of Beijing Language and Culture University. The current study complied with ethical standards. There was no number attached to the approval.
: All the 856 participants were willing to participate in this study and contribute their answers to the researchers only for the purposes of academic research. The authors also guaranteed that the answers would be confidential and only used for this academic study.
