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Article History

Received: 31 May 2023

Accepted: 28 November 2023

First Online: 21 December 2023

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This research was approved and funded by the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC: 106-2221-E-260-011-MY3). This study does not involve the collection or analysis of data that could be used to identify participants (including email addresses or other contact details). All information is anonymized and the submission does not include images that may identify the person. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Participants were college students randomly interviewed face to face at selected universities in Taichung city in 2016. All participants were informed about the purpose and aims of this study, voluntarily participated in the study after the researcher assured them of anonymity and that their responses were solely for academic purposes and the ways the data would be used.