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Article History

Received: 28 December 2022

Accepted: 7 December 2023

First Online: 2 January 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Normal University’s College of Economics and Management approved the study, and we followed the Declaration of Helsinki to do this research. The approval for the questionnaire survey conventionally does not include an approval number.

: Prior to participant recruitment, potential participants were provided with a detailed information sheet outlining the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, confidentiality measures, and their rights as participants. Informed consent was obtained through a signed consent form, and verbal clarification was provided for any queries raised by participants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before any data collection procedures commenced. Participants were given ample time to review the information provided, ask questions, and voluntarily agree to participate. The informed consent process was administered by Xiao Liu. Participants’ understanding of the study and their willingness to participate were confirmed before data collection began.