Zhang, Haoran
Jiao, Limin
Li, Cai
Deng, Zhongci http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1080-4569
Wang, Zhen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-4093
Jia, Qiqi
Lian, Xihong
Liu, Yaolin
Hu, Yuanchao http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-5395
Article History
Received: 13 August 2023
Accepted: 11 January 2024
First Online: 31 January 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was not required as the study did not involve human participants. This research strictly adheres to international and national ethical guidelines and does not involve any human or animal experiments. All data used in the study comes from publicly available sources. In consideration of the subject matter, we have taken particular care to ensure fairness and objectivity in our analysis. Our research has not collaborated with any organizations or individuals that could pose a conflict of interest, and all findings are intended to promote scientific understanding and societal awareness of this issue.
: All collaboration or consultation with experts, stakeholders, or participants was conducted with full transparency. Before engagement, all parties were provided with a clear explanation of the research’s purpose, methods, potential implications, and the extent of their involvement. Written or verbal consent was obtained from all who contributed, ensuring that participation was voluntary and based on a full understanding of the research.