Li, Peng http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-7498
Sun, Yang
Article History
Received: 16 September 2023
Accepted: 28 February 2024
First Online: 9 March 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not involve humans or animals for experimental purposes and was based on an anonymous online survey. The questionnaire and methodology for this study have been ethically reviewed and approved by the research committee of the School of Tourism, Shandong Women’s University (20220925).
: The informed consent letter was distributed and obtained online along with questionnaires. The questionnaire did not involve personal privacy or health information; all respondents completed it voluntarily and anonymously. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.