Article History
Received: 26 March 2023
Accepted: 4 March 2024
First Online: 12 March 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.
: The consent was deemed not necessary because the data we used was allowed from the China Labour-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), which was implemented by the Sun Yat-sen University Social Science Research Center. The data that support the findings of this study are available in Sun Yat-sen University by application from [cssdata@mail.sysu.edu.cn].