Fan, Mingyue
Ezeudoka, Brendan Chukwuemeka http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-7160
Qalati, Sikandar Ali http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-6098
Article History
Received: 2 October 2023
Accepted: 22 April 2024
First Online: 6 May 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in strict adherence to the ethical guidelines outlined in the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct of the American Psychological Association. The research proposal, including its objectives, methods, and participant engagement strategies, was rigorously reviewed and subsequently approved by the Ethics Committee of the Management School at Jiangsu University. Approval was granted on September 2023, with the assigned ethical approval number being JU-ECMS-2023-002. This approval confirms that the study’s design, recruitment plan, and data handling procedures were deemed to meet the required ethical standards for research involving human subjects.
: Informed consent was rigorously sought and obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. This process was initiated by clearly communicating the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits to the participants. Each participant was informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any point without facing any repercussions. Consent was documented in writing, with participants signing consent forms that were then securely stored as per the ethical guidelines. This process ensured that all participants voluntarily agreed to partake in the study with a full understanding of what their involvement would entail. The consent forms and process were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Management School at Jiangsu University as part of the ethical approval process, ensuring adherence to ethical standards for informed consent.