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Article History

Received: 21 March 2023

Accepted: 30 April 2024

First Online: 8 June 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University of Salamanca under the research project “Competencia climática en alumnado de Educación Primaria, Secundaria y universidad” n° de registro 925, Spain.

: Informed consent was duly acquired from all participants and/or their legal guardians prior to their involvement in the study. This consent was systematically obtained at the outset of the electronic questionnaire, which each participant acknowledged and agreed to. At this juncture, a comprehensive explanation regarding the purpose of the questionnaire and the overarching objectives of the research was provided to the participants, ensuring clarity and transparency in the study’s intent and methodology.