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Article History

Received: 31 July 2023

Accepted: 13 May 2024

First Online: 24 May 2024

Ethical approval

: The authors sought and obtained IRB approval from the ethics team at the English Language and Preparatory Year Institute, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (dated 23 November 2020) with no number attached to it. All procedures implemented in this study adhered to the ethical standards of the granting institution and to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study to ensure adherence to ethical guidelines. Detailed consent forms explaining the scope of the study and the participants’ rights were signed by each participant before the commencement of the study. The consent forms also assured each participant of the confidentiality of their responses and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. The consent forms also explained that the data will be used for research purposes after anonymization including further exploratory research.

: The authors declare no competing interests.