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Article History

Received: 3 February 2023

Accepted: 28 May 2024

First Online: 15 June 2024

Competing interests

: The researchers of this study do not have any interest whatsoever in projecting certain textbooks over others. It must be noted that this study is purely for academic purposes and that the investigators have no formal or informal relationship with the publishers whose textbooks were sampled for the study. Carefully laid research procedures (as stated under methodology) were followed to ensure that the findings were accurate and objective.

: An ethical clearance was sought from the University of Cape Coast Institutional Review Board (UCC-IRB) to ensure that all ethical issues are appropriately dealt with. Ethical clearance was granted to the researchers to collect data from the textbooks on the basis that the sampled textbooks were published and are already in the public domain. The collection of data that is already in the public domain was, therefore, ethically sanctioned. Reference: UCCIRB/CES/2021/155.

: The sampled textbooks had been published and were already in public markets. Permission to collect data from textbooks in the public domain was therefore granted by the UCC-IRB with an Informed consent exemption. Reference: UCCIRB/CES/2021/155.