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Article History

Received: 30 December 2023

Accepted: 6 June 2024

First Online: 10 September 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was strictly guided by the regulations of Peking University Institutional Review Board (PU IRB, committee number: 1101081486867). We regularly update our knowledge through institutional research ethics training programs organized by PU IRB to ensure adherence to the highest standards of ethical conduct (certificate number: 20240602001). We employed the snowball sampling method to collect data, emphasizing the voluntary nature of participation—no subjects were coerced into joining the study. Additionally, we have taken meticulous steps to protect participant privacy by removing any sensitive and identifying information from our data.

: Informed consent was diligently obtained from all participants involved in the study, ensuring adherence to ethical standards. Detailed consent forms, outlining the study’s scope and participants’ rights, were signed by participants. Documentation of this process is well-maintained and can be provided upon request during peer review or post-publication.