Article History
Received: 8 November 2023
Accepted: 7 June 2024
First Online: 2 July 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is exempted in line with the School of Business at Beijing Technology and Business University ethical guidelines as per the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring participant anonymity and avoiding sensitive topics. Informed consent was obtained during data collection from January to March 2022 and March to May 2023, detailing purpose, data use, and risks, emphasizing voluntary participation. This reflects our commitment to ethical standards, prioritizing participant rights and welfare. Since the study exempted and any procedures requiring ethical approval by an institutional review board, no specific ethical approval number was assigned.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.