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Article History

Received: 7 December 2023

Accepted: 17 June 2024

First Online: 11 July 2024

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: The procedures used in this study adhered to the ethical standards set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. As the study was not medical research nor regarded human experimentation as stated in the Declaration of Helsinki, and the questions in the questionnaire did not have any adverse effect on the mental health status of the respondents, ethical approval was not required for this questionnaire-based study according to the regulations of the authors’ institution (Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power). Furthermore, all respondents were at least 18 years old and consented to participate in the research study by completing the questionnaire. The information collected is strictly confidential, anonymous, and used for research purposes only.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. All participants were informed about the purpose and aims of this study, that their participation was entirely voluntary, and the ways the data would be used.