Article History
Received: 13 June 2023
Accepted: 24 June 2024
First Online: 4 July 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of economics at Shandong Women’s University (Study #2023-02-03) and the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable standards.
: All individuals participated in the study were provided a statement of informed consent. The informed consent clearly explained their rights as research subjects/participants.