Jin, Hui
Jiao, Shi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-4385
Ma, Xu http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0759-1256
Xia, Yunan
Article History
Received: 3 December 2023
Accepted: 18 June 2024
First Online: 29 June 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The study was approved by the Academic Committee of the Institute for Educational Theories of Beijing Normal University (BNUAC1101023).
: At the beginning of the survey, participants were informed about the purpose of the study and their free rights to participate voluntarily. All respondents were provided informed consent prior to the investigation.