Article History
Received: 26 October 2023
Accepted: 27 June 2024
First Online: 5 July 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study exclusively conducted secondary analysis of de-identified data, with no human beings participating in the research process. The analysis in this study was based on the publicly accessible data—the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) dataset conducted by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHCPRC). The CMDS dataset was completely anonymized. This study using the CMDS data was reviewed and approved by the School of Geography and Planning of Sun Yat-sen University.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all CMDS respondents by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHCPRC) that conducted the survey. The CMDS data used in this study has been completely anonymized. This study thus contains no any identifiable information on CMDS respondents.