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Article History

Received: 21 March 2024

Accepted: 31 July 2024

First Online: 8 August 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao University of Technology, with the approval number: [QUT20230085] and the approval date: [07-10-2023].

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

: The participants were informed about the purpose and procedures of this study via an advertisement before the investigation. Moreover, participants were voluntary and anonymous throughout the investigation.