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Article History

Received: 19 April 2024

Accepted: 31 July 2024

First Online: 12 August 2024

Change Date: 12 June 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In the Funding section of this article, the following information was inadvertently omitted: “This paper has been thanks to the projects: PDC2022-133041-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and NextGeneration EU./PRTR.” The original article has been corrected.

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. It is part of grant PRE2021-097619, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ESF + . It is part of the research project “La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de competencias históricas en bachillerato: un reto para lograr una ciudadanía crítica y democrática” (PID2020-113453RB-I00), funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI/10.13039/501100011033). This project was granted favourable by Ethics Research Committee of the University of Murcia 8/03/2021.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians during data collection (April–May 2023). Participants were informed about the objectives and procedures of the study and how their rights were going to be protected. Participation in the research was voluntary and anonymous.