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Article History

Received: 12 December 2023

Accepted: 1 August 2024

First Online: 16 August 2024

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the university. Ethical clearance and approval [Reference No. HR 288-2022] were granted by East China Normal University Committee on Human Research Protection (UCHRP) on 5th May, 2022.

: Verbal and signed consent to participate was sought from teacher and student participants in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. For teacher participants, informed consent was obtained at the beginning of each interview on June 1, 2023; for older adult students, informed consent was obtained at the beginning of each interview between June 2 and June 10, 2023. Consent forms for parents/caregivers were distributed in May to obtain their signed consent. Before each primary student interview between June 2 and June 10, 2023, I recruited participants from those who verbally agreed to participate and whose parents/caregivers had signed the consent forms.