Article History
Received: 13 November 2023
Accepted: 30 August 2024
First Online: 27 September 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research uses the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) dataset, which was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (ethics approval number: IRB00001052-14010).
: The participants in the China Family Panel Studies provided their written informed consent.