Zada, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-4229
Saeed, Imran
Khan, Jawad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-7617
Zada, Shagufta
Article History
Received: 28 February 2024
Accepted: 30 August 2024
First Online: 9 September 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The author sought and received ethical approval from the Research Ethical Committee School of Economics and Management at Hanjiang Normal University, China, with approval number 2023REC001, and the study complied with ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. All the participants were accessed with the support of the HR Department employed in China’s research and academia sector. Response Participants were provided with comprehensive information regarding the study’s purpose and procedures. Confidentiality and privacy were strictly implemented throughout the research process. Using the time lag data collection approach, we collected from 393 employees employed in China’s research and academic sector.