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Article History

Received: 19 July 2023

Accepted: 2 September 2024

First Online: 2 November 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All procedures in this study adhered to the institutional research guidelines and the ethical principles outlined in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, including its later amendments or comparable standards. Since the study did not involve medical research or human experimentation as defined by the Declaration of Helsinki, and the questionnaire posed no risk to the respondents’ mental health, ethical approval was not required according to the regulations of the authors’ institution (Mohammad Ali Jinnah University) as notified through Review Committee Decision No. MAJU/Notification/FoBA/2024/08/11. Additionally, all participants were at least 18 years old and voluntarily consented to participate in the study by completing the questionnaire. The information collected remains strictly confidential, anonymous, and is used solely for research purposes.

: This article obtained prior consent from all human participants in the pilot test and formal survey.