Brashi, Abbas http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2224-0526
Abdel Latif, Muhammad M. M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-822X
Article History
Received: 3 March 2024
Accepted: 23 September 2024
First Online: 1 October 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its ethical guidelines. The study was approved by the Arab Observatory for Translation (an affiliate of ALECSO) and its research ethics committee (no: 236/2023). The research procedures and instruments of the study were also approved by the research committee of Umm Al-Qura University’s College of Social Sciences, which is the first author’s workplace; ethical approval date: February 17, 2023.
: Prior to conducting the study, all the participants were provided with clear information about its purpose, the voluntary nature of their research participation, the protection of their privacy and personal data, and the use of empirical data for research purposes only. Iinformed written consent with this information was obtained from all the participants who took part in the study.