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Article History

Received: 25 March 2024

Accepted: 23 September 2024

First Online: 4 October 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This research was approved by the medical ethics committee of the First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou (approval No. xyy11 [2023] 157). This study does not involve the collection or analysis of data that could be used to identify participants. All information is anonymized and the submission does not include images that may identify the person. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study, which focused on educational research targeting elementary school students. Since the participants were minors, consent was obtained from their legal guardians. All guardians were thoroughly informed about the purpose and aims of the study and provided voluntary consent after being assured of their child’s anonymity and the academic use of the collected data.