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Article History

Received: 28 December 2023

Accepted: 28 October 2024

First Online: 5 November 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors obtained ethical approval (Approval No. 202401-076-017935-040369) from Najran University’s Research Ethics Committee, ensuring adherence to ethical standards, including informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, and complying with regulations. The researchers confirm that all procedures in this study were conducted in full compliance with the applicable guidelines and regulations outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. They were fully briefed on the study’s purpose, their role—including participation in the oral production task—the use of their data for scientific research, and their consent to publish the results. Consent was collected by the corresponding author, and participation was entirely voluntary. To ensure confidentiality, data was gathered anonymously, with participants assured that their responses would be used only for research and that they could withdraw at any time without explanation or penalty. All participants explicitly consented to the publication of the study’s findings, having been informed of the study’s objectives, data usage, guaranteed anonymity, and the minimal risks involved.