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Article History

Received: 19 December 2023

Accepted: 30 October 2024

First Online: 9 November 2024

Competing interests

: Quan-Hoang Vuong and Minh-Hoang Nguyen were members of the Editorial Board of this journal at the time of acceptance for publication. The manuscript was assessed in line with the journal’s standard editorial processes, including its policy on competing interests.

: Ethical approval is exempted from this kind of study for several reasons. Specifically, our institutes do not mandate ethical approval for social survey research. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, formal ethical review boards for conservation research practices were unavailable in Vietnam during survey collection (between June 18 and August 8, 2021) due to the lack of expertise and resources (Brittain et al. ).

: To uphold the ethical standard of the study’s design, we instructed the participants to read and agree with the consent form, which stipulates the research purposes, questionnaire contents, and participants' confidentiality prior to undertaking the survey. Only when the participants agreed with the consent form did the survey continue. Moreover, while filling in the questionnaire on Google Forms, the participants could stop at any time, and all of their personal data and responses were not recorded unless they submitted the questionnaire. Since this study was not funded, we are not constrained by contractual obligations and can prioritize safeguarding the participants’ information without compromise.