Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 January 2024

Accepted: 30 October 2024

First Online: 11 November 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All student participants agreed that anonymized findings from the study could be published in academic journals, ensuring that no individual participant could be identified. As the study involved non-interventional research through language learning sessions, collocation tests, and questionnaires, all student participants were fully informed that their anonymity would be maintained throughout the study. The research team clearly communicated the purpose of the study, and how the data would be utilized, and assured that there were no foreseeable risks associated with participation. Student participants were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any point without any consequences.

: The research received approval from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee at the School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Economics. After a thorough review by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee, it was determined that the research design and plan are scientifically sound, fair, and impartial, and do not pose any harm or risk to participants. Participant recruitment adheres to the principles of voluntary participation and informed consent, ensuring the protection of participants’ rights and privacy. No conflicts of interest or violations of ethical or legal standards were identified in this project. The researchers confirm that all procedures were conducted in compliance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Name of the approval body: Scientific Research Ethics Committee, School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Economics. Approval Number: 2023-02. Date of Approval: 13 May 2023. Scope of Approval: The approval encompasses all aspects of the research, including participant recruitment, data collection, analysis, and reporting. It applies to all interactions with participants and ensures that ethical principles are upheld throughout the study’s duration, ensuring the protection of participant rights, privacy, and informed consent.Name of the approval body: Scientific Research Ethics Committee, School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Economics.Approval Number: 2023-02.Date of Approval: 13 May 2023.Scope of Approval: The approval encompasses all aspects of the research, including participant recruitment, data collection, analysis, and reporting. It applies to all interactions with participants and ensures that ethical principles are upheld throughout the study’s duration, ensuring the protection of participant rights, privacy, and informed consent.

: Informed consent was obtained from all student participants in written form prior to their participation in the study. Consent was collected on 16 May 2023 by the research team of the School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Economics. The student participants are from a senior high school in Hubei Province, China.Scope of Consent: The written consent covered multiple aspects:Participation: All student participants agreed to participate in the language learning sessions, collocation tests, and questionnaire survey, acknowledging that their involvement was entirely voluntary.Data Use: All student participants were informed that the data collected would be used solely for academic research purposes, focusing on language learning effectiveness and that the information would be analysed collectively.