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Article History

Received: 28 February 2024

Accepted: 25 October 2024

First Online: 18 November 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Organic Law 3/2018, of December 5, on the Protection of Personal Data and guarantee of digital rights (2018, Official State Gazette no. 294, of December 6). The study was endorsed from the management team of the participants’ school. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous Community of Aragon (<i>Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón: CEICA</i>). Identification Code: PI23/503. Date of approval: December 20, 2023.

: Although this study did not involve human experiments and it did not involve direct student participation, they all and their parents/legal tutors were informed by the school tutors (who were previously informed by the research team) about the objectives of the research, the absence of risks or inconveniences involved in participating, the non-obtaining of direct benefits/rewards/prises for participation, data protection (which included assured anonymity), and the use of their data and research results (possibility of preparing scientific communications to be presented at conferences or scientific journals, but always with grouped data and without disclosing anything that could identify the participant/informant). In addition, students and their parents/legal tutors voluntarily expressed their consent for the educational counsellor to anonymously inform the research team regarding their executive function levels and grades. Their signed informed consent was obtained during December 2023. Informed consent was also obtained from the educational counsellor (December 2023), who also was informed about the previous details by the research team.