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Article History

Received: 21 March 2023

Accepted: 18 October 2024

First Online: 8 November 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This research was conducted following the ethical guidelines in the Department Ethics Committee (DEC) at Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics. Ethical approval was granted on May 17, 2022, with the approval number ZUFE-SFL 20220503, prior to the commencement of data collection. All procedures performed in this research involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Prior to the commencement of the study, all participants and their legal guardians were provided with a written informed consent form, which outlined the study’s purpose and objectives. The consent form also included the authors’ contact information, enabling participants to make inquiries or request withdrawal from the study if necessary. Participants and their legal guardians signed the following endorsement: ‘I have read and understood the information provided regarding the purpose of the research and have had the opportunity to ask questions. I understand that participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any time, without providing a reason and at no cost.’ Only individuals who fully understood these aspects proceeded with participation. Participants were assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses.