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Authors
Zada, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-4229
Khan, Jawad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-7617
Saeed, Imran
Zada, Shagufta
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2023
Accepted: 31 October 2024
First Online: 17 November 2024
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The author sought and received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Economics and Management at Hanjiang Normal University, China, with approval number 2023REC002, and from the Research Ethics Committee of the Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Ilma University, Karachi, Pakistan, with reference DBA-FM-0311/10/2024. This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants, who were accessed with the support of the HR department in Pakistan’s information technology sector. Participants received comprehensive information about the study’s purpose and procedures. Confidentiality and privacy were strictly maintained, and participation was entirely voluntary. Using a time-lagged data collection approach, we gathered data from 392 respondents in this sector.
