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Article History

Received: 17 May 2024

Accepted: 31 October 2024

First Online: 18 November 2024

Competing interests

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Normal University(No. sdnu-2023-10-15-23).

: Informed consent was obtained from the participants before the commencement of the study between October 20 and 30, 2023. All participants have been fully informed that their anonymity is assured, why the research is being conducted, how their data will be utilized, and if there are any risks to them of participating. They were also reminded that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences.