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Article History

Received: 5 February 2024

Accepted: 25 November 2024

First Online: 2 December 2024

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: The ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Human Resource Ethics Committee at National Cheng Kung University on March 3, 2021. The approval number is NCKU HREC-E-109-567-2; adhering to ethical standards, including informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, and complying with regulations. The researcher confirmed that all procedures in this study were conducted in conformity with ethical guidelines for ensuring the rights and welfare of research participants. The data is exclusively used for research purposes.

: Signed written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to the interviews. Participation was entirely voluntary. Before the interviews, the participants were provided with a consent form accompanied by a cover letter introducing the research aims, their roles, and the use of data for scholarly and research publication purposes. They were ensured that their identity would be kept anonymous in any written report, and they could withdraw from the study at any time without consequences. As the project was subsidised by Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology, participants were given a small monetary compensation for their time and contributions.