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Article History

Received: 27 May 2024

Accepted: 25 November 2024

First Online: 3 December 2024

Competing interests

: The author(s) declare no competing interests.

: This study adhered to the ethical standards set by the Stamford Institutional Review Board (SIU2023324), with approval granted on 03/24/2023. All research activities complied with applicable guidelines and regulations for studies involving human participants. The approved project, titled “Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Application in Personalized Learning Environments: Thematic Analysis of Undergraduates’ Perception in China,” covered the research period from 03/25/2023 to 07/24/2023. The principal investigator, Xibing Wang, and co-investigators successfully completed CITI Training, with all certifications finalized on 02/02/2023.

: This study strictly adhered to ethical standards, ensuring that informed consent was obtained from all participants. Comprehensive written consent forms were provided, clearly outlining the research objectives, participants’ rights, obligations, and the scope of their involvement. These forms were personally signed by the participants on March 24, 2023. Consent was collected by Xibing Wang & Xiaoshu Xu from 48 first-year students at Wenzhou University. The consent covered participation, data usage, and publication, ensuring participants’ rights were fully protected. All documentation has been meticulously managed and is available upon request for peer review or post-publication inquiries. Participants were assured anonymity and were fully informed about the study’s purpose, how their data would be used, and any potential risks involved. This ethical commitment underscores our dedication to safeguarding participants’ welfare and maintaining research integrity.