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Article History

Received: 28 May 2024

Accepted: 28 November 2024

First Online: 4 December 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. Ethical clearance and approval were granted by the College of Literature and Journalism, Leshan Normal University, on Jun 14th, 2023.

: Informed consent for this study was obtained via the Credamo platform before data collection began on 30/10/2023. Participants were provided with detailed information about the study and asked to give their consent by selecting the appropriate option in the online questionnaire. They were fully informed about the study’s nature and purpose, with assurance that the data would be used exclusively for academic purposes. Participant anonymity is guaranteed, as no personally identifiable information is collected or stored, and their responses would remain confidential. Additionally, participants were notified that there are no foreseeable risks involved in the study and that they could withdraw at any point without facing any consequences. At the end of the survey, each participant was compensated with CN ¥30 (approximately US $4) e-commerce vouchers.