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Article History

Received: 11 April 2024

Accepted: 25 November 2024

First Online: 18 December 2024

Competing interests

: The authors of this article declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that could potentially bias their work or influence their interpretation of the results. Specifically, the authors have no financial interests or relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Additionally, the authors have no personal relationships with any individuals who might have an interest in the submitted work. Furthermore, the authors declare that they have no other conflicts of interest to disclose, including any non-financial interests that could be perceived as having an influence on the research or its interpretation. The authors confirm that this article is an original work and has not been previously published, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. We hope that this Declaration of Interest Statement meets the requirements of your journal, and we look forward to the opportunity to share our research with your readership.

: The present study, which investigates the use of MWEs by Chinese learners of English within <i>The Spoken Corpus of Chinese Learners of English</i> (SCCLE), was conducted in accordance with ethical standards. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary, with all participants being fully informed about the aims and objectives of the SCCLE. The SCCLE was developed with the explicit consent of the learners involved, and all data have been appropriately anonymized to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the participants. The research conducted aligns with the intended purpose of the SCCLE, which is to provide a resource for educational and research purposes related to Chinese learners’ English speaking skills. As such, no additional ethical approval was required for this study, as it is based on the pre-existing, ethically approved corpus. The integrity of the ethical principles underlying the SCCLE has been maintained throughout the research process.

: The study investigating the use of MWEs by Chinese Learners of English within <i>The Spoken Corpus of Chinese Learners of English</i> (SCCLE) was conducted in strict adherence to ethical guidelines. The SCCLE, which serves as the primary data source for this research, was established with the explicit consent of the learners whose data it contains. Participants were provided with comprehensive information about the corpus’s purpose and scope, and their engagement in the corpus’s creation was voluntary. All data utilized in this study have been meticulously anonymized to safeguard participant privacy and confidentiality.