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Article History

Received: 28 May 2024

Accepted: 13 December 2024

First Online: 7 January 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The Human Participants Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Normal University reviewed and approved this study (numbered 2023086). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants are per the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study did not use clinical/personal patient data. Administrative permissions and/or licences for accessing clinical/personal patient data were not acquired.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.