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Article History

Received: 25 April 2024

Accepted: 13 December 2024

First Online: 23 December 2024

Competing interests

: The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

: At the authors’ institutions, Ocean University of China and Beijing University of Chemical Technology, there are currently no established Ethics Committees or Institutional Review Boards responsible for the ethical review of research involving human participants. As a result, this study was conducted in accordance with widely accepted ethical standards and did not pose any harm to participants. Participation was entirely voluntary, and individuals had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequence. All procedures followed the ethical guidelines outlined in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments, as well as comparable ethical standards recognized in the field. In the absence of a formal review board, the authors ensured that the study was designed and executed with a strong commitment to ethical principles, prioritizing participant welfare and informed consent throughout the research process.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the participants.