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Article History

Received: 26 April 2024

Accepted: 16 December 2024

First Online: 24 December 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was not required for this study as it involved only minimal risk activities, specifically the completion of an anonymous online survey. Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of An-Najah National University (Ref: Intr. 2023/80) in early April 2023. The approval encompassed all aspects of participant recruitment, data collection, and analysis. All research procedures adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Since this article involves an online questionnaire for data collection and does not include studies with human participants, informed consent was obtained from all participants who completed the questionnaire. Participants were provided with clear information about the study’s purpose and their role, ensuring that their participation was voluntary and based on their informed decision. No sensitive or personally identifiable information was collected. The study implemented an oral informed consent procedure due to the sensitivity of the topic and the related comfort level of the participants.