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Article History

Received: 28 May 2024

Accepted: 13 December 2024

First Online: 6 January 2025

Competing interests

: The authors of this study declare no conflict of interest and that the study has not been submitted for publication anywhere else.

: This study were approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Yibin University, China on October 10, 2023 (2023101001E). Ethical approval includes the requirement to inform participants of voluntary participation and informed consent, and to explain the purpose and procedure to participants. All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the aforementioned ethics committee.

: Before conducting the survey, all participants and their guardians were verbally informed of the study’s purpose and objectives, with assurances of anonymity provided. The study did not cause any physical, emotional, or psychological issues for participants, nor did it involve any privacy risks or significant ethical concerns. All participants provided their consent, with an emphasis on the voluntary nature of their participation. Participants were also informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time. Additionally, they were briefed on the procedures prior to the tasks, ensuring they understood what would occur and how to complete the tasks.