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Article History

Received: 8 September 2024

Accepted: 17 December 2024

First Online: 28 December 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Academic Committee of Business School at Central South University on January 4, 2024, and the study complied with ethical standards (ID: CSUBS20240104). The Academic Committee reviewed and approved the study protocol, involving research design and methods, eligibility criteria for participants, data collection and privacy protection, and informed consent. All online questionnaires were obtained by considering the informed consent of the respondents, and all respondents completed it voluntarily and anonymously.

: The study was conducted on January 8, 2024, lasting for 2 months. All participants provided informed consent before completing the formal questionnaire. At the beginning of each web-based questionnaire, they were apprised of the study’s objectives, procedures, the confidentiality of their responses, and that the data collected would be used solely for academic research. Furthermore, it was made clear that any personal information would be presented anonymously, and that they retained the right to withdraw from the study at any point. All participants clicked on the “Agree” button to complete the informed consent process, agreeing to participate, to the use of their data for research purposes, and to the publication of anonymized findings.