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Do financial development and institutional quality impede or stimulate the shadow economy? A comparative analysis of developed and developing countries

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04347-w

Published Online: 2025-01-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Ameer, Waqar

Sohag, Kazi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-2357
Zhan, Qilin

Shah, Syed Hasanat

Yongjia, Zhang
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-01-04

Version of Record valid from 2025-01-04
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Article History

Received: 8 November 2023

Accepted: 19 December 2024

First Online: 4 January 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was not required as this study did not involve human participants.

: Informed consent was not required as this study did not involve human participants or animal studies.

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