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Article History

Received: 21 May 2024

Accepted: 14 January 2025

First Online: 21 January 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Prof. Eija Kärnä received funding from the Research Council of Finland. Funders were not involved in any part of the study.

: The research was conducted as survey on consenting adults (parents) who volunteered to answer questions. Under the University of Eastern Finland’s ethics regulations, such research does not require ethical committee approval as it was not deemed to contact any of the six areas outlined by the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity ().

: All participants gave informed consent prior to completing the survey.